Title: Mac keyboard shortcuts

Front: Cut the selected item and copy it to the Clipboard. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-X

Front: Copy the selected item to the Clipboard. This also works for files in the Finder. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-C

Front: Paste the contents of the Clipboard into the current document or app. This also works for files in the Finder. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-V

Front: Undo the previous command. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-Z. You can then press Shift-Command-Z to Redo, reversing the undo command. In some apps, you can undo and redo multiple commands.

Front: Select All items. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-A

Front: Find items in a document or open a Find window. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-F

Front: Find Again: Find the next occurrence of the item previously found. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-G. To find the previous occurrence, press Shift-Command-G.

Front: Hide the windows of the front app. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-H. To view the front app but hide all other apps, press Option-Command-H.

Front: Minimize the front window to the Dock. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-M. To minimize all windows of the front app, press Option-Command-M.

Front: Open the selected item, or open a dialog to select a file to open. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-O

Front: Print the current document. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-P

Front: Save the current document. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-S

Front: Open a new tab. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-T

Front: Close the front window. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-W. To close all windows of the app, press Option-Command-W.

Front: Force quit an app. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Command-Esc

Front: Show or hide the Spotlight search field. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command–Space bar. To perform a Spotlight search from a Finder window, press Command–Option–Space bar. (If you use multiple input sources to type in different languages, these shortcuts change input sources instead of showing Spotlight. Learn how to change a conflicting keyboard shortcut.)

Front: Show the Character Viewer, from which you can choose emoji and other symbols. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control–Command–Space bar

Front: Use the app in full screen, if supported by the app. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control-Command-F

Front: Use Quick Look to preview the selected item. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Space bar

Front: Switch to the next most recently used app among your open apps. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-Tab

Front: In macOS Mojave, take a screenshot or make a screen recording. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-5

Front: Create a new folder in the Finder. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-N

Front: Open preferences for the front app. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-Comma (,)

Front: Press to turn on your Mac or wake it from sleep. Press and hold for 1.5 seconds to put your Mac to sleep.Continue holding to force your Mac to turn off. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Power button

Front: Put your Mac to sleep. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option–Command–Power button or Option–Command–Media Eject

Front: Put your displays to sleep. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control–Shift–Power button or Control–Shift–Media Eject

Front: Display a dialog asking whether you want to restart, sleep, or shut down. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control–Power button or Control–Media Eject

Front: Force your Mac to restart, without prompting to save any open and unsaved documents. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control–Command–Power button

Front: Quit all apps, then restart your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved changes, you will be asked whether you want to save them. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control–Command–Media Eject

Front: Quit all apps, then shut down your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved changes, you will be asked whether you want to save them. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control–Option–Command–Power button or Control–Option–Command–Media Eject

Front: Log out of your macOS user account. You will be asked to confirm. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-Q. To log out immediately without confirming, press Option-Shift-Command-Q.

Front: Duplicate the selected files. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-D

Front: Eject the selected disk or volume. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-E

Front: Start a Spotlight search in the Finder window. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-F

Front: Show the Get Info window for a selected file. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-I

Front: (1) When an alias is selected the Finder: show the original file for the selected alias. (2) In some apps, such as Calendar or Safari, refresh or reload the page. (3) In Software Update preferences, check for software updates again. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-R

Front: Open the Computer window. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-C

Front: Open the desktop folder. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-D

Front: Open the Recents window, showing all of the files you viewed or changed recently. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-F

Front: Open a Go to Folder window. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-G

Front: Open the Home folder of the current macOS user account. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-H

Front: Open iCloud Drive. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-I

Front: Open the Network window. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-K

Front: Open the Downloads folder. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Command-L

Front: Create a new folder. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-N

Front: Open the Documents folder. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-O

Front: Show or hide the Preview pane in Finder windows. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-P

Front: Open the AirDrop window. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-R

Front: Show or hide the tab bar in Finder windows. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-T

Front: Add selected Finder item to the Dock (OS X Mavericks or later) [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control-Shift-Command-T

Front: Open the Utilities folder. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-U

Front: Show or hide the Dock. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Command-D

Front: Add the selected item to the sidebar (OS X Mavericks or later). [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control-Command-T

Front: Hide or show the path bar in Finder windows. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Command-P

Front: Hide or show the Sidebar in Finder windows. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Command-S

Front: Hide or show the status bar in Finder windows. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command–Slash (/)

Front: Show View Options. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-J

Front: Open the Connect to Server window. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-K

Front: Make an alias of the selected item. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-L

Front: Open a new Finder window. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-N

Front: Create a new Smart Folder. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Command-N

Front: Show or hide the tab bar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-T

Front: Show or hide the toolbar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Command-T

Front: Move: Move the files in the Clipboard from their original location to the current location. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Command-V

Front: Use Quick Look to preview the selected files. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-Y

Front: View a Quick Look slideshow of the selected files. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Command-Y

Front: View the items in the Finder window as icons. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-1

Front: View the items in a Finder window as a list. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-2

Front: View the items in a Finder window in columns. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-3

Front: View the items in a Finder window with Cover Flow. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-4

Front: Go to the previous folder. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command–Left Bracket ([)

Front: Go to the next folder. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command–Right Bracket (])

Front: Open the folder that contains the current folder. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command–Up Arrow

Front: Open the folder that contains the current folder in a new window. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command–Control–Up Arrow

Front: Open the selected item. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command–Down Arrow

Front: Open the selected folder. This works only when in list view. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Right Arrow

Front: Close the selected folder. This works only when in list view. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Left Arrow

Front: Move the selected item to the Trash. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-Delete

Front: Empty the Trash. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-Delete

Front: Empty the Trash without confirmation dialog. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Shift-Command-Delete

Front: Turn target display mode on or off. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command–Brightness Up

Front: Turn video mirroring on or off when your Mac is connected to more than one display. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command–Brightness Down

Front: Open Displays preferences. This works with either Brightness key. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option–Brightness Up

Front: Change the brightness of your external display, if supported by your display. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control–Brightness Up or Control–Brightness Down

Front: Adjust the display brightness in smaller steps. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option–Shift–Brightness Up or Option–Shift–Brightness Down. Add the Control key to this shortcut to make the adjustment on your external display, if supported by your display.

Front: Open Mission Control preferences. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option–Mission Control

Front: Show the desktop. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command–Mission Control

Front: Show all windows of the front app. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control–Down Arrow

Front: Open Sound preferences. This works with any of the volume keys. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option–Volume Up

Front: Adjust the sound volume in smaller steps. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option–Shift–Volume Up or Option–Shift–Volume Down

Front: Open Keyboard preferences. This works with either Keyboard Brightness key. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option–Keyboard Brightness Up

Front: Adjust the keyboard brightness in smaller steps. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Up or Option–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Down

Front: Open the item in a separate window, then close the original window. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option key while double-clicking

Front: Open a folder in a separate tab or window. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command key while double-clicking

Front: Move the dragged item to the other volume, instead of copying it. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command key while dragging to another volume

Front: Copy the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option key while dragging

Front: Make an alias of the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Command while dragging

Front: Open all folders within the selected folder. This works only when in list view. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-click a disclosure triangle

Front: See the folders that contain the current folder. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-click a window title

Front: Boldface the selected text, or turn boldfacing on or off. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-B

Front: Italicize the selected text, or turn italics on or off. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-I

Front: Add a web link. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-K

Front: Underline the selected text, or turn underlining on or off. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-U

Front: Show or hide the Fonts window. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-T

Front: Select the Desktop folder from within an Open dialog or Save dialog. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-D

Front: Show or hide the definition of the selected word. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control-Command-D

Front: Display the Spelling and Grammar window. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-Colon (:)

Front: Find misspelled words in the document. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-Semicolon (;)

Front: Delete the word to the left of the insertion point. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Delete

Front: Delete the character to the left of the insertion point. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control-H. Or use Delete.

Front: Delete the character to the right of the insertion point. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control-D. Or use Fn-Delete.

Front: Forward delete on keyboards that don't have a Forward Delete key. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Fn-Delete. Or use Control-D.

Front: Delete the text between the insertion point and the end of the line or paragraph. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control-K

Front: Page Up: Scroll up one page. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Fn–Up Arrow

Front: Page Down: Scroll down one page. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Fn–Down Arrow

Front: Home: Scroll to the beginning of a document. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Fn–Left Arrow

Front: End: Scroll to the end of a document. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Fn–Right Arrow

Front: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the document. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command–Up Arrow

Front: Move the insertion point to the end of the document. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command–Down Arrow

Front: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the current line. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command–Left Arrow

Front: Move the insertion point to the end of the current line. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command–Right Arrow

Front: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option–Left Arrow

Front: Move the insertion point to the end of the next word. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option–Right Arrow

Front: Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift–Command–Up Arrow

Front: Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the document. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift–Command–Down Arrow

Front: Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift–Command–Left Arrow

Front: Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the current line. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift–Command–Right Arrow

Front: Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line above. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift–Up Arrow

Front: Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line below. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift–Down Arrow

Front: Extend text selection one character to the left. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift–Left Arrow

Front: Extend text selection one character to the right. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift–Right Arrow

Front: Extend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option–Shift–Up Arrow

Front: Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option–Shift–Down Arrow

Front: Extend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option–Shift–Left Arrow

Front: Extend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option–Shift–Right Arrow

Front: Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control-A

Front: Move to the end of a line or paragraph. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control-E

Front: Move one character forward. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control-F

Front: Move one character backward. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control-B

Front: Center the cursor or selection in the visible area. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control-L

Front: Move up one line. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control-P

Front: Move down one line. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control-N

Front: Insert a new line after the insertion point. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control-O

Front: Swap the character behind the insertion point with the character in front of the insertion point. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Control-T

Front: Left align. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command–Left Curly Bracket ({)

Front: Right align. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command–Right Curly Bracket (})

Front: Center align. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift–Command–Vertical bar (|)

Front: Go to the search field. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Command-F

Front: Show or hide a toolbar in the app. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Command-T

Front: Copy Style: Copy the formatting settings of the selected item to the Clipboard. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Command-C

Front: Paste Style: Apply the copied style to the selected item. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Command-V

Front: Paste and Match Style: Apply the style of the surrounding content to the item pasted within that content. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Shift-Command-V

Front: Show or hide the inspector window. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Command-I

Front: Page setup: Display a window for selecting document settings. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-P

Front: Display the Save As dialog, or duplicate the current document. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift-Command-S

Front: Decrease the size of the selected item. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift–Command–Minus sign (-)

Front: Increase the size of the selected item. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift–Command–Plus sign (+). Command–Equal sign (=) performs the same function.

Front: Open the Help menu. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift–Command–Question mark (?)

Front: Start up from the built-in macOS Recovery system. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command (⌘)-R. Or use Option-Command-R or Shift-Option-Command-R to start up from macOS Recovery over the Internet. macOS Recovery installs different versions of macOS, depending on the key combination you use while starting up. If your Mac is using a firmware password, you're asked to enter the password.

Front: Start up to Startup Manager, which allows you to choose other startup disks or volumes, if available. If your Mac is using a firmware password, you're asked to enter the password. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option (⌥)

Front: Reset NVRAM or PRAM. If your Mac is using a firmware password, it ignores this key combination or starts up from macOS Recovery. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Option-Command-P-R

Front: Start up in safe mode. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Shift (⇧)

Front: Start up from the built-in Apple Hardware Test or Apple Diagnostics utility, depending on your Mac model. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: D. Or use Option-D to start up from this utility over the Internet.

Front: Start up from a NetBoot server, if your Mac supports network startup volumes. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: N. To use the default boot image on the server, hold down Option-N instead.

Front: Start up in single-user mode. This key combination requires macOS High Sierra or earlier. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-S

Front: Start up in target disk mode. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: T

Front: Start up in verbose mode. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Command-V

Front: Eject removable media, such as an optical disc. [Mac keyboard shortcuts]
Back: Eject (⏏) or F12 or mouse button or trackpad button