Q: Rules 1-5
1. Understand
2. Start with the Big Picture
3. Build on the Basics
4. [...]
A: Rules 1-5
1. Understand
2. Start with the Big Picture
3. Build on the Basics
4. Simplify

Q: mnemonic techniques make remembering...
A: easier

Q: what can you always do with simple models?
A: build on them later

Q: peg lists and mind maps are examples of what?
A: mnemonic techniques

Q: redundancy can be performed by repeating information using...
A: various methods

Q: confusing the meanings of historic and historical is an example of what?
A: interference

Q: illustrate with examples that are [... or ...]
A: illustrate with examples that are vivid or shocking

Q: what puts ideas within a category?
A: context cues

Q: when is date stamping particularly useful?
A: when knowledge is volatile

Q: what does simplifying not imply? (2 things)
A: 1. losing information
2. skipping the difficult parts

Q: to combat interference, make items as...
A: unambiguous as possible

Q: putting less important information in parentheses helps to what?
A: prioritize
(put some less important information here)

Q: volatile knowledge is knowledge that is...
A: subject to change over time

Q: sources may not be necessary for what types of knowledge? (2 types)
A: well-tested
proven

Q: do not [...] if I do not understand
A: do not learn if I do not understand

Q: how many rules are there?
A: 20

Q: referring to other memories involves using things you [...] to simplify cards
A: referring to other memories involves using things you already know to simplify cards

Q: "apple, pear, peach" is an example of what?
A: a set

Q: what should I do with enumerations?
A: avoid them!

Q: what is the solution to interference? (2 parts)
A: detect
eliminate

Q: in my brain, remembering an idea is like what?
A: running through a labyrinth

Q: providing sources is [...] recommended
A: providing sources is highly recommended

Q: Rules 1-5
1. Understand
2. [...]
A: Rules 1-5
1. Understand
2. Start with the Big Picture

Q: what do they say about pictures?
A: a picture is worth a thousand words

Q: Rules 16-20
16. Use Context Cues
17. Use Redundancy
18. Provide Sources
19. Provide Date Stamping
20. [...]
A: Rules 16-20
16. Use Context Cues
17. Use Redundancy
18. Provide Sources
19. Provide Date Stamping
20. Prioritize

Q: is cloze deletion recommended for beginners?
A: yes! (highly)

Q: Rules 1-5
1. [...]
A: Rules 1-5
1. Understand

Q: why are vivid and shocking examples valuable?
A: they are easy to remember

Q: Rules 6-10
6. Use Imagery
7. Use Mnemonic Techniques
8. Use Graphic Deletion
9. Avoid Sets
10. [...]
A: Rules 6-10
6. Use Imagery
7. Use Mnemonic Techniques
8. Use Graphic Deletion
9. Avoid Sets
10. Avoid Enumeration

Q: what does redundancy mean having?
A: duplicate information

Q: enumerations are [...] than sets
A: enumerations are better than sets

Q: Rules 16-20
16. Use Context Cues
17. [...]
A: Rules 16-20
16. Use Context Cues
17. Use Redundancy

Q: what should always be as short as possible?
A: answers

Q: before breaking an item down into simpler items, what should I do?
A: build a picture of the whole

Q: if enumerations are necessary, what should I use on them?
A: cloze deletion

Q: Rules 11-15
11. Combat Interference
12. Optimize Wording
13. Refer to Other Memories
14. Use Personalized Examples
15. [...]
A: Rules 11-15
11. Combat Interference
12. Optimize Wording
13. Refer to Other Memories
14. Use Personalized Examples
15. Rely on Emotional States

Q: in general, what should I do with sets?
A: avoid them!

Q: mnemonic techniques are often amazingly...
A: effective

Q: how do I ideally want my brain to work each repetition
A: exactly the same way

Q: do not learn if I do not [...]
A: do not learn if I do not understand

Q: greatly enhance memories by linking them to what? (2 things)
A: personalized examples
strong emotions

Q: how much time do I ususally spend repeating 3-5% of the material?
A: 50%

Q: images of information are usually far less [...] than words
A: images of information are usually far less volatile than words

Q: I have thousands of personal experiences on which I can build other [...]
A: I have thousands of personal experiences on which I can build other memories
(through personalized examples)

Q: two reasons knowledge must be simple
A: easier to remember
easier to schedule

Q: Rules 16-20
16. Use Context Cues
17. Use Redundancy
18. Provide Sources
19. [...]
A: Rules 16-20
16. Use Context Cues
17. Use Redundancy
18. Provide Sources
19. Provide Date Stamping

Q: the same material can be learned [...] if well formulated
A: the same material can be learned many times faster if well formulated

Q: build a picture of the whole before doing what?
A: breaking it down into simple items

Q: this very card is an [...] of cloze deletion
A: this very card is an example of cloze deletion

Q: what does it make sense to do, other than memorizing whole books?
A: prioritize (focus on what's important)

Q: replacing
"Aldus invented desktop publishing with PageMaker but failed to improve. It was soon outdistanced by …"
with
"PageMaker lost ground to …"
is an example of what?
A: optimizing wording

Q: what is interference?
A: when knowledge of one item makes it hard to remember another item

Q: graphic deletion requires doing what?
A: obstructing parts of an image

Q: how I formulate the material determines what?
A: the speed of learning

Q: I want my brain to work exactly the same way each...
A: repetition

Q: Rules 11-15
11. Combat Interference
12. [...]
A: Rules 11-15
11. Combat Interference
12. Optimize Wording

Q: the longer it takes to remember an idea, the [...] it needs to be
A: the longer it takes to remember an idea, the simpler it needs to be

Q: my speed of learning depends on what?
A: how I formulate the material

Q: if a set is unavoidable, what should you do with it?
A: convert it to an enumeration

Q: the time needed for what is astronomical?
A: "blind learning"
(learning what you do not understand)

Q: what is an enumeration?
A: an ordered list

Q: before anything else, always [...] the material!
A: before anything else, always understand the material!

Q: is using imagery always worthwhile?
A: no (becuase it's time-consuming)

Q: Rules 6-10
6. Use Imagery
7. Use Mnemonic Techniques
8. [...]
A: Rules 6-10
6. Use Imagery
7. Use Mnemonic Techniques
8. Use Graphic Deletion

Q: is memorizing obvious things a waste of time?
A: no!

Q: answers should be as [...] as possible
A: answers should be as short as possible

Q: what is a problem with using imagery?
A: they can be time-consuming to make

Q: Rules 1-5
1. Understand
2. Start with the Big Picture
3. [...]
A: Rules 1-5
1. Understand
2. Start with the Big Picture
3. Build on the Basics

Q: what is great for learning things like anatomy and geography?
A: graphic deletion

Q: is close deletion effective for experienced learners?
A: yes!

Q: strong [...] facilitate remembering
A: strong emotions facilitate remembering

Q: learning items I do not understand will do what?
A: pollute my learning process

Q: the way the 20 rules are presented in this deck is an example of what?
A: enumeration

Q: two common examples of mnemonic techniques?
A: peg lists
mind maps

Q: simplicity is easier for the brain because you...
A: always process the idea in the same way

Q: Rules 11-15
11. [...]
A: Rules 11-15
11. Combat Interference

Q: what do sources help to distinguish?
A: conflicting information

Q: what does cloze deletion greatly speed up?
A: memorizing

Q: how much of my time do the basics take?
A: a very small portion

Q: how hard is it to memorize a set?
A: very hard

Q: what do strong emotions facilitate?
A: remembering

Q: I ususally spend 50% of my time repeated how much of the material?
A: 3-5%

Q: what should I do instead of memorizing loosely related facts?
A: read something that puts them together

Q: [...] involves using things you already know to simplify cards
A: referring to other memories involves using things you already know to simplify cards

Q: the longer it takes to [...] an idea, the simpler it needs to be
A: the longer it takes to remember an idea, the simpler it needs to be

Q: a simpler picture of the learned whole is what?
A: better

Q: Rules 16-20
16. [...]
A: Rules 16-20
16. Use Context Cues

Q: make items as unambiguous as possible to do what?
A: combat interference

Q: which is better: enumerations or sets?
A: enumerations

Q: what is a set?
A: a collection of objects

Q: formulated material must be as ... as possible.
A: simple

Q: popular writer of books on mnemonic techinques?
A: Tony Buzan

Q: learning a German history book word for word is an example of what?
A: learning what you do not understand

Q: date stamping means including the date the information was [... or ...]
A: date stamping means including the date the information was created or retrieved

Q: cloze deletion is [... and ...]
A: cloze deletion is easy and effective

Q: what style of cloze deletion should be used with enumerations?
A: overlapping

Q: the 20 rules for formulating knowledge are listed in what order?
A: importance

Q: "I know the meanings of inept and inapt, but I'm confusing the two" is an example of what?
A: interference

Q: always start with the [...]
A: always start with the basics

Q: I have thousands of [...] on which I can build other memories
A: I have thousands of personal experiences on which I can build other memories

Q: this very card is an example of [...]
A: this very card is an example of cloze deletion

Q: context cues [...] wording
A: context cues simplify wording

Q: "What countries belong to the EU?" is an example of what?
A: a set

Q: what should I do rather than memorize whole books?
A: prioritize

Q: Rules 6-10
6. [...]
A: Rules 6-10
6. Use Imagery

Q: the moment I spot interference, I should what?
A: eliminate it!

Q: Rules 1-5
1. Understand
2. Start with the Big Picture
3. Build on the Basics
4. Simplify
5. [...]
A: Rules 1-5
1. Understand
2. Start with the Big Picture
3. Build on the Basics
4. Simplify
5. Use Cloze Deletion

Q: Rules 6-10
6. Use Imagery
7. [...]
A: Rules 6-10
6. Use Imagery
7. Use Mnemonic Techniques

Q: Rules 11-15
11. Combat Interference
12. Optimize Wording
13. [...]
A: Rules 11-15
11. Combat Interference
12. Optimize Wording
13. Refer to Other Memories

Q: Rules 11-15
11. Combat Interference
12. Optimize Wording
13. Refer to Other Memories
14. [...]
A: Rules 11-15
11. Combat Interference
12. Optimize Wording
13. Refer to Other Memories
14. Use Personalized Examples

Q: this deck is based on what article?
A: The 20 Rules of Formulating Knowledge

Q: "What is the name of a soft bed without arms or back? (like the one at Robert's parents)" is an example of what?
A: personalized examples

Q: Rules 6-10
6. Use Imagery
7. Use Mnemonic Techniques
8. Use Graphic Deletion
9. [...]
A: Rules 6-10
6. Use Imagery
7. Use Mnemonic Techniques
8. Use Graphic Deletion
9. Avoid Sets

Q: context cues simplify [...]
A: context cues simplify wording

Q: is graphic deletion as good as cloze deletion?
A: yes

Q: personalized examples are very [...] to interference
A: personalized examples are very resistant to interference

Q: what is the single greatest cause of forgetting?
A: interference

Q: what easily happens when I learn about similar things?
A: I confuse them

Q: do not [...] the basics
A: do not neglect the basics

Q: what type of picture of the whole is better?
A: simpler

Q: what should I do if simplifying isn't working?
A: look to the remaining rules

Q: "when knowledge of one item makes it hard to remember another item"
A: interference

Q: how easy are enumerations to memorize?
A: hard

Q: does redundancy contradict the simplify principle?
A: no

Q: what helps me deal with sources that vary in quality?
A: prioritizing

Q: what do sources help to judge about an idea? (2 things)
A: reliability
importance

Q: replacing
"shamelessly conscious of one's failings and asking in a begging way"
with
"shamelessly humble and supplicant"
is an example of what?
A: referring to other memories

Q: the labyrinth in our minds is easiest to navigate when an idea is what?
A: simple

Q: if the whole shows holes, I should...
A: review it again!

Q: simpler models are easier to [... and ...]
A: simpler models are easier to comprehend and encompass

Q: "title:, author:, date:, math:, biochem:, etc" are examples of...
A: context cues

Q: listing the countries in the EU alphabetically is an example of what?
A: enumeration

Q: a memory lapse on the basics is...
A: very bad

Q: simplicity is imperative becuase of...
A: how the brain works

Q: do not start with memorizing what?
A: loosely related facts

Q: what is 'optimizing wording'?
A: conveying an idea in as few words as necessary

Q: Rules 16-20
16. Use Context Cues
17. Use Redundancy
18. [...]
A: Rules 16-20
16. Use Context Cues
17. Use Redundancy
18. Provide Sources

Q: do not start with [...] loosely related facts
A: do not start with memorizing loosely related facts

Q: who wrote The 20 Rules of Formulating Knowledge?
A: Piotr Wozniak

Q: prioritize, because some sources are...
A: better than others

Q: context cues put ideas within a...
A: category